Name : Makwana
Ankita m.
Presentation Topic: Q.1 what is cultural studies? And Production and Consumption of Cultural Studies.
Presentation Topic: Q.1 what is cultural studies? And Production and Consumption of Cultural Studies.
Paper No :8.
Roll No :2.
Year :2013-14.
Semester: 2.
Guidance: Dilip Barad and Heenaba Zala
Roll No :2.
Year :2013-14.
Semester: 2.
Guidance: Dilip Barad and Heenaba Zala
Q.1
what is cultural studies? And Production and Consumption of Cultural Studies.
vVarious meaning
of culture.
Ø ‘Culture’ is derived
from the Latin word ‘Cultura ’.
Ø ‘It also meant to
honour and protect.
Ø Culture is symbol of
communication.
Ø By the nineteenth century
in Europe it means the habits and custom.
Ø Culture is the system
of knowledge.
v What ‘culture’ means in cultural studies.
Ø It means the mode of generating meaning and ideas.
Ø Meanings are governed by power and relations.
Ø According to the Arnold…..
“Culture
is the great help out of our present difficulties:
Culture
being a persuite of our total perfection by means
Of
getting to know, on all the matters which more concern us, the best which has
being thought and said
In
the world : and through this knowledge turning a stream of fresh and free
thought upon our stock nations and habits, which we follow stiunchely but
mechanically…”
Ø 3cs of cultural study…
v Birth of Cultural Studies.
Ø Cultural Studies established in the Birmingham Richard
Hoggart first director of Birmingham.(BCCCS-The Birmingham Centre for
Contemporary Cultural Studies)
Ø Raymond Williams and Richard Hoggart both are friend.
Ø It is not published metropolitan but in England.
Birmingham centre not central for contemporary not canonical.
v Birth of Cultural Studies.
Ø Cultural Studies established in the Birmingham Richard
Hoggart first director of Birmingham.(BCCCS-The Birmingham Centre for
Contemporary Cultural Studies)
Ø Raymond Williams and Richard Hoggart both are friend.
Ø It is not published metropolitan but in England.
Birmingham centre not central for contemporary not canonical.
Ø Not culture but cultural.
Ø What is the Signifying aspect of Culture?
Culture is
flow always temporary goes on changing.plural discourse plurality, multiple aspects.
Ø Raymond Williams.
Ø He say that…
Ø Culture is timeless / ideal
Ø Culture is documentary.
Ø Social that becomes apparent day to day’s life.
Ø According to the Andrew Milner…
“Contemporary
cultural studies has emerged from out of literary studies essentially by wav of
a very simple move; by shifting attention from an exclusive focus on the canon
of high literary text to an, in principle, inclusive focus on all cultural
texts”.
Ø Raymond Williams himself in his essay…
“The future
of cultural studies”
Ø Has defined the strength of this discipline in its
refusal to give priority either to art or the society but engaging with both
the intellectual / artistic project and its formative processes.
Ø In 1958, Williams wrote an essay title…
“ Culture
is Ordinary ”
Ø He say that….
“
Cultured is Ordinary; that is the first fact we use the ward culture in these
two senses; to mean a whole way of life the
The
common meaning; to mean the arts and learning the special processes of
discovery and creative effort some writers reserve the word for one or other of
these senses; insit on both , and on the
significance of their conjuction ”
v Birmingham Centre for Cotemporary Cultural Studies and Stuart Hall.
Ø Between 1982 and 1987 the Open University offered a
one year interdisciplinary course, ‘U203’. This U203 was a course on ‘ Popular
Culture ’.This course was directed by Terry Eagleton and also Raymand Williams.
Ø U203 had two main assumption about text and reader and
position like….
1.Position
is defind in terms of content of tastes, values.
2.Position
is also the process by which the signifier and signified(meaning and concept).
Stuart
Hall’s wrote essay title’s ‘ Cultural Studies ’
Ø Subject and expression are both determined by
structure of social signification structure is ‘ hegemony ’.
Ø
Hall’s early essay ‘ Encoding and Decoding ’ first
published in 1973 and set the scene for cultural studies of the media. This
essay argued that meaning within texts- songs, painting , and television soap-
are organized through the aperation of ‘ certain codes ’.
Ø
Hall uses the examples of television news to
illustrate.Television is one of the most and also best example of news.Hall’s
also said that the message form is the form of appearances of the event.
Ø Cultures seem to be divided into two aspects…
1. Material aspect of society.
2. Quantifiel aspect of society.
Ø Religion is part of our value system.
Ø Cultural studies include mass or popular culture
Ø Distinction between the mass and popular culture.
Popular culture deals with Educated.
Mass culture deal with Uneducated. Popular culture depends upon
post-modernity. Popular culture is the culture of masses.
Ø Forms of popular culture.
Ø Popular culture as opposed to classical music. Mass cinema
as opposed to ‘Art cinema’.
vThe production
and Consumption of Cultural Studies.
Ø The Production and Consumption both are important part
of culture. Cultural studies also believes that the ‘Culture of a Community’
and also includes various aspects like…economics, ideological , erotic and
political. Culture is not natural thing it is produced. A cultural study is
interested in the production and consumption of culture.
Ø The production and consumption of culture is liked to
3 types…..
1. Matter
of class.
2. Matter
of economy.
3. Matter
of representation.
Ø These 3 types played important part in cultural
studies. The production and consumption of culture is also linked to Power and Identity.
The production and consumption of artifacts defines one’s identity.
Ø Culture is a product that is….
-Made
-Marketed
-consumed
vPower and /
Culture.
Ø Cultural studies address several questions like…..
Ø Why is Agatha Christie not studied in English
Department when most of people read Christie rather than Tomas Hardy?
Ø How does walking through the city streets become
significant as a practice?
Ø All these questions suggest a connection between
culture and power. Culture is therefore about power. Cultural studies , as we
known is about power and studies how power inform all acts of cultural
production and meaning generation.
Ø According to Raymond Williams….
“Our
description of our experience comes to compose a network of relationship, all
our communication systems, including the arts are literally parts of our social
organization…….”
Ø Studying society is about culture, and not only about
economics or politics. Communication creates community. Culture is the sharing
of meaning. Culture studies also speak about ‘meaning’ and is ‘representation
’.Representation includes the word and sign and its concept and
meaning.’meaning’ are processes of language.
Ø Word + concept behind the word = meaning
Ø Word, concept, meaning and , context = representation
Ø Location of culture(1997)
Ø According to Homibhabha…..
“It
is the trape of our times to locate the question of culture in the realm of the
beyond. At the century’s age , we are less excised by annihilation the death of
the author or epiphanies’ the birth of survival by a fenebrarus sense of
survival, living on the border line of the ‘ Present’…”
vCoclusion.
Ø Cultural studies also analysise from various disciples
like…..media studies, popular culture, audience culture etc…The se all are like
to institutions, the market, consumer and regulatory bodies. a text is finally
related to and read within a larger cultural text. Cultural studies believes
that experience and also makes the connections between different structures in
society.
